The Ones Who Walk Away Analysis Essay Example

The Ones Who Walk Away Analysis Essay Example The Ones Who Walk Away Analysis Paper The Ones Who Walk Away Analysis Paper The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals by Lee Cuing When you exist in this life, how frequently you ask yourself: if this occurs, what would it be advisable for me to do? . I wager it is endless. There are such a significant number of writers utilize the what uncertainties sentences in their articles, and the short story The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals by Lee Cuing is the one. In the event that its downpour today, I dont go to class. This is a case of what uncertainties sentence which generally presents the explanations behind something occurred. In the story The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals, Lee Cuing utilizes a progression of what Ifs to presents the explanations behind what occurred in Meals. For instance, she states: If the youngster were raised Into the daylight out of that abominable spot, If It were done, In that day and hour all, the flourishing and magnificence and pleasure of Meals would shrivel and be devastated. , and furthermore If the kid could be discharged, It would not get a lot of good of its opportunity: a little ambiguous joy of warmth and food, no uncertainty, however minimal more. One other explanation that makes The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals becomes irregular is the way Lee Cuing makes an exceptionally short what uncertainties sentence. For instance, she states: If you cannot lick me, go along with me. On the off chance that it harms, rehash it. , or If along these lines, if it's not too much trouble include a blow out. In the event that a blow out would help, dont falter. . This makes an extremely incredible intrigued to the perusers. At the point when I read the principal passage, it appears Lee Cuing attracts a wonderful picture my brain: Meals, splendid transcend by the ocean. The apparatus of the vessels In harbor shone with banners. In the boulevards between houses with red rooftops and painted dividers, between old greenery developed nurseries and under roads of Reese, past incredible parks and open protruding . I can Imagine Meals resemble a town which Is brimming with (Lee 2) harmony in a fantasies, where rulers and princesses originated from. Ive never observed an image like that in any article. A typical article for the most part is the structure which writers use to show individual purposes of their view. In any case, when I wrap up The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals, I dont see any Lee Guns feelings regarding why individuals choose to leave Meals. She just tells how the youngster is limited, how individuals have confidence in the tale about the keeping kid, ND how individuals feel after they see the kid, yet they cannot help. I need to discover the reasons that make individuals leaving Meals myself, and not certain in the event that others have a similar idea with me. This is a little achievement of Lee Gull to make the peruser reconsider her story and again in the wake of shutting the book. By the way informing the catastrophe regarding a limiting kid In Meals, Lee Gull utilizes her Imagination to make a story contains an allegory for what reason do individuals maintain a strategic distance from obligation and leave without taking any kind of action to support the misery. She disrupts every one of the ten guidelines to compose an exposition. Genuine confirmations, genuine models, Ana genuine Images are required in a triumph article, which offers a reasonable response for each theme the writers need to discuss. Open by the Joyous and lively scene of the Summer Festival, and end with the picture of individuals quietly leave Meals. Two inverse pictures in a single short story. Lee Cuing doesnt explain why individuals leave Meals, where they go, and what next. By the open-completion, the perusers can make their own inference, this is a major not the same as a typical article.

Education and Life Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Training and Life - Personal Statement Example It isn't just sarcastic, excellent and esthetical, yet in addition a declaration of the old patrimony (Efland, 2010). These reasons make me need to be engaged with the order by selecting for a course in History of Art. My connection to expressions began in the school years where I had the option to acquire exceptional evaluations ever, writing and workmanship subjects. The enthusiasm didn't stop in class as it proceeded up to my public activity when I went to a few culture courses and displays. During these occasions, I additionally created enthusiasm for photography. I appreciated the different blends of expressions and data caught by unbelievable picture takers like Cartier Bresson. Besides, understanding photography makes it significantly more clear masterful works from different districts of the world (Gardner and Kleiner, 2009). Outside the study hall, I have been fortunate enough to be engaged with shows in my old neighborhood throughout the mid year. I partook in inquiring about and drafting the press books that should have been utilized in these specific shows. It was a difficult and requesting obligation that included taking note of down the substance of the show and summing up them for individuals to have the option to handily find out about what was occurring. I delighted in participating in this exploration since it allowed me to have a more profound knowledge into different fine arts that were in the show. Aside from workmanship, I appreciate tuning in to music. Blues, rock and jazz are my top choice. I attempt to go to shows with the goal that I am capable experience the excitement and the scene that make the shows a triumph. In addition, I am a movement fan .I appreciate this as it not just permits me to meet new individuals and experience new societies, yet additionally opens me to the fine art in the zones I visit. It is through these excursions that I come to see how the neighborhood populaces decipher and see their works and how their bits of

Mood Congruence and Incongruence in Bipolar Disorder

Mood Congruence and Incongruence in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print Mood Congruence and Incongruence in Bipolar Disorder Classification helps differentiate psychotic episodes By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 16, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 23, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Mood incongruence is a term used to describe a serious symptom of bipolar disorder. It is a psychotic feature of the disease wherein the persons belief or action, whether by hallucination or delusion, does not match with his or her mood. By contrast, mood congruence also describes a psychotic symptom of bipolar disorder, but, in this case, the belief or action is consistent with that persons mood. While the difference between mood congruence and incongruence may seem of little consequenceâ€"given that they both related to a psychotic episodeâ€"the way in which each impacts a persons ability to function and thrive can be strikingly different. Examples of Mood-Incongruent and Mood-Congruent Symptoms Incongruent means conflicting. As such, mood incongruence implies that the symptoms conflict with the persons current mood. Examples include: Laughing when your dog diesBelieving you have super powers despite going through a major depressive episode In each case, the actions of the person do not match either the situation or emotional state. The delusion of superpowers, for example, in no way coincides with themes of powerlessness that are inherent in depression. By contrast, congruent means in agreement. In this case, any symptoms, however extreme, are considered mood-congruent when they in agreement with the persons current mood. Examples include: Feeling suicidal when your dog diesBelieving you have super powers when you are going through a manic episode No matter how unreasonable the responses may be, they nevertheless match the circumstance or emotional state of that person at that moment. Psychosis Within the context of bipolar disorder, both mood congruence and incongruence are used to describe a psychotic feature of the disease. We dont use mood congruence, for example, to describe a person with bipolar disorder who has a reasonable response to a situation. The terms simply allow us to classify any false beliefs a person may have in order to provide appropriate treatment. We refer to these false beliefs as psychoses. Psychosis is simply a break from reality, a condition which more often happens during a manic episode and even a depressive episode (but never with a hypomanic episode). Psychosis involves hallucinations  (experiencing things that are not real) and/or delusions  (believing things that are not real). Psychosis Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Hallucinations and Delusions Most people tend to associate hallucinations with schizophrenia, but they can happen in bipolar disorder, as well. Hallucinations involve experiences or perceptions that are not real, whether they be things a person sees, hears, smells, tastes, or physically feels. Examples include: A mood-congruent hallucination in a depressive episode would involve themes such as guilt or sadness. For example, hearing a voice that tells you that youre worthless.A mood-congruent hallucination in a manic episode would involve grandiosity, like seeing the president in your living room.A mood-incongruent hallucination in a depressive episode would have you  experiencing sensations contrary  to your depression without any feelings of guilt, death, disease, inadequacy, or deserved punishment.A mood-incongruent episode in a manic episode would be just the opposite, perhaps voices telling you that youre unworthy or deserve punishment. Delusions, by contrast, are firmly held beliefs that are neither true nor based in reality. They do not involve hallucinations but instead play out in beliefs and actions that are contrary to reality. Delusions in Bipolar Disorder Psychosis Treating People With Bipolar Disorder Treatment typically involves the management of symptoms and the prevention of mood episodes. This includes the use of medication (mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics) and psychotherapy.?? It is important that any person with bipolar disorder receive ongoing care and medical oversight. This is especially true for those experiencing mood-incongruent symptoms in whom the risk of hospitalization and suicide is far greater. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Great Mosque Of Cordoba - 1541 Words

The Great Mosque of Cordoba Can the Great Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba be used for two religions, and How the design effects these religions? In this essay will be a brief discussion about the The Great Mosque of Cordoba and the history behind it. Stating how the mosque existed, developed over time and then reconstructed to become a Cathedral. How the Mosque believes both Christianity and Islam are able to pray within the building. Also I will mention the belief systems such as, does a sacred place have to be pure and not recycled. As well as discuss how the design effects both religions. (Pritchett, 2001) The construction of the Mosque, was for both Muslims and Christians who shared the same space. In the use of Visigothic Church of St Vincent (Thenandnow, 2009). The Great Mosque of Cordoba is located in the â€Å"southern of Spain, Andalusia† (Archnet, 2003). It was built in the â€Å"784-786† by the â€Å"Umayyad leader called Abd ar-Rahman I† (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016). In 711, when the North African Berbers started sequences of invasions which lead to the creation of the Cordoba. During the 750’s, the Caliphate (political Islamic leader) they had issues with the political confusions and some acts of rebellions. In the 770’s the creator Emir Abd Al- Rahaman I ended the rebellion act. In the 780’s the political issues became stable. The stability allowed Emir Abd Al- Rahaman I to focus on the symbolic creation of the empire (Nabil, 2016). This became theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Mosque Of Cordoba2023 Words   |  9 Pag esThe Mishrab of The Great Mosque of Cordoba Assignment Two The Great Mosque of Cordoba [named in espaà ±ol Mezquita – Catedral de Cà ³rdoba] is a complex site of extraordinarily rich history and key development in Muslim architecture in a Western empire. Built in the Spanish capitals of the Umayyad, it is one of the oldest structures from the times of Muslim rule over Iberia in the 8th century, the Great Mosque of Cordoba is a heritage site having lived through tremendous successions of change, developmentRead MoreThe Great Mosque Of Cordoba Vs. Hagia Sophia1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Mosque of Cordoba vs. Hagia Sophia Religion has played a huge role in the history of the world of architecture. We can get a deeper look in the minds and attitudes of people when we look at their beliefs – specifically their religion. But even though religion played a huge role in the approach to architecture, the pursuit of beauty and power can also explain to us the approaches and the outlooks of those who built or designed buildings from the ancient world. Two buildings, the HagiaRead MoreA Comparison Of The Great Mosque Of Cordoba And Cathedral Of Santa Maria1249 Words   |  5 Pages A COMPARISON OF THE GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA AND CATHEDRAL OF SANTA MARIA, LEON Yvette Cordova ARTH 306: Medieval Art March 10, 2015  The Great Mosque of Cordoba is an Islamic house of worship in Spain. The facade of the building is boxlike, grey and has a rectangular plan. The roof is a series of triangular shaped rows parallel throughout the space, except for the center of the building, which has what appears to be a second story that goes up twice as high as the triangularRead More Mezquita De Cà ³rdoba in Southern Spain797 Words   |  3 PagesMezquita De Cà ³rdoba The Mosque-Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba represents the many cultural changes the city of Cà ³rdoba and the areas around it have gone through. It has stood in the center of the city for over a millennium, and it doesn’t look like it will fall anytime soon. It covers over 24,000 square meters (about 250,000 square feet), and is 9 meters tall at its lowest and 30 meters tall at its highest. The Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba is officially called The Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption, but it wasRead MoreHistory of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba1014 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribe the Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba. The Mosque is also known as the Mezquita, the Mosque-Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba, or the Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady. The mosque is considered one of the monumental jewels of Islamic civilization. In addition, it is one of the largest mosques in the entire world measuring about 24,000 square meters. The mosque was not all built at once, its construction lasted from 784 AD to 987 AD. First, Emir Abd ar-RahmanI began the construction of the mosque in the yearRead MoreHow Islamic Architecture in Spain Changed from the Seventh Century to the Mid-sixteenth Century1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba was built in Cà ³rdoba, Andalucà ­a, southern Spain: the capital at which Muslims exist. The great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba went under massive changes over centuries. These changes occurred because the Mosque was conquered by groups of people following different religions, including Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Each religion marked its conception through changing or adding a unique artwork that symbolized its essence. The Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba was built by Arab architects inRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of Christian and Islamic Architecture in Spain1081 Words   |  5 Pagestwo such churches that still remain today. In the beginning of the 8th century Islamic Muslims conquered Spain and ended Visigothic rule. They constructed militaristic and religious architecture including castles, watchtowers, rock castes, the Great Mosque, and the Red Palace. The remaining Christians adopted some of the Islamic styles and soon built upon a new style that ended up in northern Spain. Over time, Spanish architecture has become a blend of both Islamic and Christian styles, the northernRead MoreIslam s Influence On Islam2245 Wo rds   |  9 Pagesgrand mosque in Cordoba for its columns, to the hypostyles in ancient Persia, to the Taj Mahal of Agra in India, and finally to all of their Great Mosques around Europe, Africa and Asia, Islam has a history behind every single monument. Before we start with the architectural designs, we need to start from the beginning. Islam spread worldwide after the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.S. died in 632 C.E. The Caliph that took over after the Messenger Muhammad p.b.u.h,. was Abu Bakr, who was a great companionRead MoreThe Creation Of Islam Throughout Ad 6622599 Words   |  11 Pagessouthern regions, they conquered successfully. (Jellicoe 40) By AD 712, Muslims occupied Seville and Cordoba. The Muslim part of Spain stands independently and survives for eight centuries. (Newton 31) Muslims arrive in Spain and influence regions knowledgably, architecturally and through use of the land. Despite the later Spanish Christian revival, areas in the South of the peninsula, Cordoba and Seville still contain layered Islamic attributes. The space extending past the architecture is anRead MoreSpread Of Islam : Worldwide Architecture Essay1861 Words   |  8 Pagesarchitecture. From their vibrant colored tiles in Morocco, to the gra nd mosque in Cordoba for its columns, to the hypostyles in ancient Persia, and finally to the Taj Mahal of Agra in India, Before we start with the architectural designs, we need to start from the beginning. Islam spread worldwide after the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.S. died in 632 C.E. The Caliph that took over after the Messenger Muhammad p.b.u.h,. was Abu Bakr, who was a great companion and father-in-law to the Prophet. He spread the knowledge

Essay about Foreign Aid Canada (CMA) - 1759 Words

Foreign Aid Canada (FAC) To: FAC Executive Management Team From: Pat Innes, CMA December 4, 2012 Executive Summary: Foreign Aid Canada (FAC) is a charitable organization whose mandate is to provide humanitarian aid in Africa and Asia through emergency relief, development assistance, and HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention programs. FACs strategic goal is to undertake HIV/AIDS projects that will help 3000-6000 AIDS patients, while maintaining a cost of less than $700/patient/year, and continuing to provide emergency relief and development assistance. CIDA, a government organization, will fund AIDS projects if they achieve the targets set out above. In†¦show more content†¦s Achieves target of helping 3000-6000 patients with a cost less than $700/patient/year (Appendix C) Helps fight against the AIDS outbreak Meets threshold to receive CIDA funding  $500,000 restricted donation can be used to cover cost remaining after CIDA contribution FAC has experience with Contractor #2, and the contractor has a good track record In line with FACs mandate of implementing HIV/AIDS programs Takes advantage of Wayne Ryces expertise in fighting AIDS with a NGO FAC has funding available to pay for clinics after funding development and relief projects (Appendix B) Cons CIDA and restricted donation do not cover entire project cost, FAC must use unrestricted funds which would minimize the amount able to go to relief and development projects Contractor #2 is more expensive, however, problems have arisen in the past with contractors recommended by government officials Residents living in rural and remote areas who are too poor will not be able to use the clinics CIDA funding will only be for 3 years, however, clinics are not expected to be handed over to local government until after 5 years Alternative 2 - Mobile AIDS Clinics Pros Achieves target of helping 3000-6000 patients with a cost less than $700/patient/year (Appendix D) Meets threshold to receive CIDA funding  Takes advantage of strategically located regional offices by using them as home bases Vehicles will be donated minimizing the cost to FAC AllowsShow MoreRelatedM2A3 Foreign Aid Canada Additional information Essay3297 Words   |  14 Pages10bII+ (or HP 10bll) EL-738C (or EL-738)  © 2013 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. All rights reserved.  ®/â„ ¢ Registered Trade-Marks/Trade-Marks are owned by The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. Additional Information Practice Case Examination – M2A3 Foreign Aid Canada (FAC) Additional Information Update During 2011 and 2012, a worldwide economic and foodRead MoreCma Solutions63195 Words   |  253 PagesManagement Accountants of Canada All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. Entrance Examination Syllabus Reference Material Introduction The purpose of this reference material is to assist you in reviewing your technical knowledge of selected topics listed in the CMA Entrance Examination Syllabus. The questions illustrate the range in type and depth of knowledge that may be tested in CMA Entrance Examination questionsRead MoreA Report On The Healthcare Sector1793 Words   |  8 Pagesproviding social assistance, such as counselling, welfare, child protection, community housing and food services, vocational rehabilitation and child care, to those requiring such assistance. (Canadian Industry Statistics (CIS), 2015) SITUATION IN BC: †¢ Canada has one of the most expensive universal healthcare systems in the world and in 2011, a TD Bank economics report estimated that by 2030 the healthcare costs could well rise to be 80 percent of the provincial spending. (Shaw, 2015) †¢ Canadians shoulderRead MoreEssay on Reforming Canada’s Healthcare System1781 Words   |  8 Pagesthis will gradually put a strain on the country’s healthcare system (Gulli Lunau, 2008 p.1). Due to Canada’s aging population, and the lack of government foresight in health policies there is a shortage of anaesthesiologists, in some provinces of Canada particularly in the rural areas (Canadian Medicine Journal, 2007). Anaesthesiologists are specialist physicians who provide critical care to prevent or relieve pain of patients during surgical or other medical procedures (American Society of AnesthesiologistsRead MoreReasons of Government Intervention in Transportation Industry2066 Words   |  9 Pages(approximately 240,000 kms). Other countries with vast railway lines are Russia (154,000 kms) and Canada (72,961 kms).    * Airways: The major airlines are British Airways, Lufthansa, Qantas, Cathay Pacific, Emirates, Air France-KLM and Southwest Airlines.    * Shipping and logistics: The chief shipping companies are APM Maersk (TEU capacity: 2,031,886), Mediterranean Shipping Company (1,469,865) and CMA CGM Group (988,141). Government in Transport Industry Any transport system requires basic regulationsRead MoreReasons of Government Intervention in Transportation Industry2074 Words   |  9 Pages(approximately 240,000 kms). Other countries with vast railway lines are Russia (154,000 kms) and Canada (72,961 kms).    * Airways: The major airlines are British Airways, Lufthansa, Qantas, Cathay Pacific, Emirates, Air France-KLM and Southwest Airlines.    * Shipping and logistics: The chief shipping companies are APM Maersk (TEU capacity: 2,031,886), Mediterranean Shipping Company (1,469,865) and CMA CGM Group (988,141). Government in Transport Industry Any transport system requires basicRead MoreBusiness Plan (Dog Food)10429 Words   |  42 PagesSix Sigma tools and methodologies for manufacturing * Certification ERP Professional (Enterprise Resource Planning) * SAP Certification | Ajay Stern (VP International Division). 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Most importantly, for the sake of growth in indigenous ICT innovation and invention, local software industries in Asia-Pacific need local supportRead MoreAdmi 202 Study Guide Final5257 Words   |  22 Pages financial accounting system: The process whereby interested groups are kept informed about the financial condition of a firm. managerial (management) accounting Internal procedures that alert managers to problems and aid them in planning and decision making. chartered accountant (CA) An indi- vidual who has met certain experience and education requirements and has passed a licensing examination; acts as an outside accountant for other firmsRead MoreExim Bank15224 Words   |  61 Pages 4 3. Risk Involved 5 4. Certain concepts 7 3. Volume of India’s Foreign Trade 1. Global Majors 8 2. Laws governing India’s export import trade 11 4. Apex Financial Institutions in India 1. EXIM Bank (Export Import

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Four Free Essays

His gun was filled with lead. Regardless, being shot hurt. Really, really hurt. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Four or any similar topic only for you Order Now And he shot me in the butt. How mortifying. I wanted to shout, curse, cry. Instead I ran. At first all I could think of was getting away, so I accelerated in the general direction of Cuba. However, when my skin began to heal the hole with the bullet still inside, I detoured to the cabin. Approaching from the rear, I sniffed the air and smelled nothing but trees, heard only the wind. Leaping onto the back porch, I imagined myself human and suddenly I was. The talisman resided in the pocket of Jessie’s pants back at the junkyard. Even though I didn’t appear to need it anymore, I wanted the icon back. And I’d get it, just as soon as I removed the irritating bullet from my ass. I could get used to changing back and forth in the blink of an eye. The lack of pain and agony was a definite plus. Making use of my suddenly opposable thumb, I turned the doorknob, slipped inside, then straight into the bathroom. The glare of the electric light made me flinch even before I saw myself in the mirror. Dirt streaked my face; my hair was full of leaves and twigs; fiery red scratches marred my arms. Twisting awkwardly, I tried to see my wound, but I couldn’t. The bullet seemed to be scraping me from the inside out. What didn’t kill me might just drive me mad. I was going to have to ask for help, and I hated that. I opened the bathroom door, and yelped. Nic stood on the other side. One glance at my face and he cursed, then shoved his way into the room. I snatched a towel off the rack and clutched it to my breasts. Stupid. He’d already seen and touched everything already. â€Å"What the hell happened?† Nic demanded. I wasn’t sure where to start. â€Å"I woke up and you were gone. No note. Nothing.† Nic shoved his fingers through his hair, making it stand on end, reminding me of the coarse blond locks of our dream child. I shoved the image out of my head. That child wasn’t real, could never be real, and I had to remember that. Nic wore nothing but boxers. Too bad I didn’t have time to admire his physique. Blood flowed down the back of my legs and dripped onto the floor. â€Å"What the – â€Å"? Nic yanked the towel free and spun me around. I was so shocked, I let him. â€Å"Who shot you?† â€Å"Guy in the junkyard. The owner, or maybe the night watchman.† â€Å"I take it you were furry at the time,† he murmured. â€Å"Or he and I are going to have a discussion.† I glanced over my shoulder and caught an expression of such violence cross his face I was shocked – and a little bit charmed. I could take care of myself – bullet in the butt notwithstanding – but it was kind of nice for once to have someone else want to look after me. Nic saw me staring and schooled his face into the stoic mask I’d come to loathe. â€Å"You’d better get in the bathtub. You’re making a mess.† â€Å"Good idea.† I climbed in. â€Å"What were you doing at the junkyard?† Quickly I explained about the phone call, the Edsel, the watchman, and the ghostly wolves. When I was done, Nic stared at me without blinking. â€Å"Ghost wolves. Are they something new?† â€Å"I’ve never heard of them. But now I know why I saw wolf shadows at Lydia’s and caught the scent of wolves when everyone else swears there aren’t any. At least I’m not nuts.† â€Å"Just able to see, smell, and hear things no one else can,† he said dryly. â€Å"Do you think the disappearing bodies are related somehow?† I thought for a minute, then shook my head. â€Å"The ghost wolves didn’t do much beyond bump against me and spread cold spots. I doubt they’re killing people. Besides, Sheriff Stephenson was killed with a knife, then marked with a human bite.† â€Å"Which means we’ve got two problems instead of one.† â€Å"At least.† â€Å"So what’s the deal?† He waved at my rear end. â€Å"I thought werewolves could heal damn near anything.† â€Å"We can. Trouble is, I’m healing faster than usual. You’re going to have to dig that out.† He didn’t argue. â€Å"Got any medical instruments?† â€Å"Not anymore.† â€Å"Oh, right. Compound go boom.† Leaning down, Nic peered at my left cheek. Funny how a little bullet and a lot of blood took care of any sexual interest in my nakedness. Or maybe discovering my true nature had already killed that. â€Å"Will left a few things,† he said. â€Å"Hold on.† He returned a few minutes later with a small leather case. Inside were several lethal-looking blades. â€Å"Filleting knives.† Nic began to root around in the medicine cabinet concealed behind the mirror over the sink. â€Å"Will must like to fish.† â€Å"What are you searching for?† â€Å"Alcohol.† I snorted. â€Å"As if I’ll get an infection.† â€Å"Humor me.† Removing a clear bottle, he doused the smallest of the knives, then withdrew a tweezers from the cabinet and doused that, along with his hands. â€Å"Turn around,† he said. â€Å"No problem.† I didn’t want to watch. Nic splashed my butt with alcohol, and I nearly jumped out of the tub. â€Å"Hey! What did I say about infection?† â€Å"Can you promise I won’t get furry if I accidentally cut myself with your blood all over me?† â€Å"I told you. The virus is only passed through saliva when I’m in wolf form.† â€Å"But things can change.† He was right. I had no idea what was happening to me. The virus could be mutating, and then everything I knew, or thought I knew, would be wrong. â€Å"Leave it,† I said. â€Å"I’ll live.† â€Å"I’m not lame. I won’t cut myself. Besides, you’ve got the handy-dandy antidote. If I get infected, you can cure me.† Could I? I no longer had the formula, and it wasn’t exactly simple enough to remember off the top of my head. None of them were. I hadn’t heard from Edward since he’d left town. I was starting to worry. If he were to disappear, along with everything I’d invented, the world, as well as me, was in big-time trouble. Nic poked me. â€Å"Ow!† â€Å"Hold still or you’ll have more holes than you already do.† He punctuated his words with another jab. â€Å"I’ve almost got it.† I stared at the bathroom tile and waited for him to finish. Within three minutes, something pinged against the bathtub, then rolled toward the drain, coming to rest on top of the steel trap. Nic picked up the bullet. â€Å"Constantly amazes me that something this little can do so much damage.† He lifted his gaze and in his eyes I saw many things. Relief, anger, wariness, fear, and something else I couldn’t quite place before he turned away, tossing the instruments into the sink and dousing them again with alcohol. â€Å"You’d better take a shower.† His voice was remote once more, and I had to wonder if I’d seen or only imagined the softer emotions crossing his face. I turned on the water. Even if Nic could get past my being a werewolf, there were so many other things about me he didn’t know and never could. â€Å"The wound’s already healed over,† he murmured. I couldn’t see the hole, and I didn’t really want to. Yanking the shower curtain closed, I let the heated water wash the blood from my skin. If only it could wash the blood from my hands – or should I say paws? â€Å"You mind if I stay while you explain what’s going on?† he asked. â€Å"Suit yourself.† I stuck my head under the spray. â€Å"Who called you?† â€Å"I thought it was Edward.† Now I wasn’t so sure. â€Å"Does he have your research?† â€Å"I hope so.† â€Å"Not having it. That’s bad?† â€Å"You have no idea.† I scrubbed soap into my hair, working the suds from my scalp all the way to the ends. â€Å"Not only is the formula for the antidote gone, but so is the formula for me.† Nic yanked back the shower curtain. â€Å"What happens, exactly, if you don’t take your medicine? I thought you were different.† â€Å"I am.† I pulled on the plastic. â€Å"You mind?† He scowled but drew the curtain across the rod with a shriek of metal rings, and I began to rinse my hair. â€Å"Werewolves can’t help but change under the full moon,† I explained. â€Å"There’s no resisting its pull. I’ve tried to cure the transformation, but I’ve never been able to.† â€Å"So if you have to change, how are you different?† â€Å"I was never possessed by evil – what we call the ‘demon.’ Killing people sickened me.† Nic had never been dumb. He heard what I wasn’t saying. â€Å"You never liked to kill, but you did.† â€Å"The first time, the transformation is frightening, maddening.† The power is exhilarating. The words whispered through my brain. Was that my thought or someone else’s? Someone else’s ? I must have lost too much blood. â€Å"The hunger,† I whispered. â€Å"I can’t describe it.† The agony in my belly, the pounding of my pulse, the shrieking in my head. Despite the steamy heat surrounding me, I shivered. â€Å"You’ll do anything to make the torment stop. Anything.† Silence from the other side of the curtain spoke louder than words. Nic was wondering why I hadn’t eaten a silver bullet rather than a person. I’d wondered that myself. At least he didn’t ask. â€Å"If a werewolf doesn’t partake of human blood on the night of the full moon, what happens? He dies?† â€Å"No such luck.† If it were that easy, Edward could just lock up all the werewolves and forget about the key. â€Å"Only silver ends a lycanthrope’s existence. Or being killed by another werewolf. However, that’s rare.† I’d found it bizarre that a lycanthrope would murder a human, yet balk at killing another werewolf, but no one ever said they were logical. â€Å"Why is it rare?† â€Å"There’s a fail-safe, for want of a better term. Maybe a taboo, I guess, against killing our own kind. My personal theory is that the fail-safe is part of the demon.† â€Å"Which you don’t have,† Nic said slowly. â€Å"And neither does Damien.† Damien’s curse had taken away not only his demon but any lingering concern about the werewolf rules. He’d also discovered that killing other werewolves took the edge off that pesky need for human sustenance. Convenient for him, since he hadn’t had access to my serum. â€Å"What about that Weendigo you and Lydia were discussing? The Great Cannibal?† â€Å"I’ve known one – Hector Menendez. He was demon personified, and he had no problem killing werewolves.† â€Å"Which screws up your personal theory.† I’d thought a lot about Hector. Probably too much in the dark of the night. â€Å"Since Hector had no problem breaking human taboos – † I began. â€Å"Such as?† â€Å"Eating people when he was still a people.† â€Å"I thought he was a werewolf cannibal.† â€Å"With Hector we got a twofer.† â€Å"A cannibal in both forms,† Nic murmured, â€Å"so all of his fail-safes were broken.† I’d always enjoyed talking with Nic. He was so quick and bright, he’d often finish my thoughts before they came out of my mouth. That hadn’t changed, even though almost everything else had. â€Å"That’s my theory,† I agreed. â€Å"But Hector’s a little too dead to ask about it.† â€Å"Exactly.† â€Å"With regular werewolves, those with the demon and no access to your serum, what happens under the full moon?† â€Å"The madness takes over, if they don’t shift voluntarily, they’ll do so automatically.† I closed my eyes and let the water beat down on my face, but nothing could make those memories go away. Nic remained silent for several minutes. When he spoke again, I understood why. â€Å"Mandenauer told me you experienced your first transformation at Stanford. But why then?† Hell. Trust Edward to tell Nic just enough to make him curious and not enough to make him stop questioning me. I shut off the shower, then wrapped myself in a towel before opening the curtain. Nic leaned against the sink, arms crossed over his bare chest. His biceps bulged; his stomach was hard and flat, his legs long, muscled, and lightly covered with hair. I remembered what his hands felt like, what his skin tasted like. I forced myself to walk away, but Nic followed me into my bedroom and brought with him his questions. â€Å"Was it the moon? Your age? A spell?† He made a disgusted sound. â€Å"A spell. I never thought I’d hear myself ask that.† I moved to the window, pushed the curtain aside, and let the silver soothe me. Funny, the icy glow that beat down from the sky, to me as strong as the sun in the middle of July, used to upset me. Now I was drawn to it. â€Å"Does it matter?† I asked. â€Å"There’s no going back.† Nic came up behind me, and I caught the scent of his hair, felt the heat pulsing off him like steam. â€Å"Tell me,† he insisted. â€Å"I deserve to know.† He did, although I didn’t want to be the one to tell him. Too bad I was the only one here. â€Å"Love,† I said. â€Å"Love changed me.† â€Å"I don’t understand.† I wasn’t sure what else to say, so I hesitated. He lost his patience, not that he had much to begin with, and grabbed me by the shoulders, spinning me around. â€Å"Tell me,† he ordered through gritted teeth. â€Å"Fine,† I spat, through teeth just as tight. â€Å"Dopamine rushing through the brain, adrenaline making the heart pound, phenylethylamine creating the feeling of bliss, oxytocin bringing about sexual arousal.† My tone was clinical. I refused to look Nic in the eye. He released me as if I’d suddenly sprouted horns. Maybe I had. â€Å"Falling in love with me made you a werewolf?† â€Å"No. My mother being bitten by a monster was what made me a werewolf. The virus was there waiting. It was only a matter of time.† â€Å"And the right person.† I shrugged and turned back to the window. â€Å"You changed and then you disappeared. But what happened in between? You said the hunger was too much to bear the first time.† â€Å"It was.† â€Å"You killed someone?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"And then?† I stared at the moon, the trees, the night, and I remembered. Then Edward had locked me in a cage. How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Twenty Four, Essay examples

Training in Mahindra Essay Example

Training in Mahindra Essay Companies have found that investment in human capital in the form of training and development yields high returns. The ones that recognize the value of their employees and place a new emphasis on education and training are becoming more competitive, successful, and profitable as a result. Training can be broadly divided into 2 categories: Behavioral Training: This training is given to employees to improve their softskills and inculcate managerial qualities in them. Functional Training: It is job-related training. It focuses on the work to be done. It systematically uses selected, structured and documented workplace experience, combining theory with practice, and is guided by clearly defined objectives. Functional training is very important in manufacturing industry as it helps employees in ensuring their safety while working on machines, upgrade them with latest manufacturing practices and improve the productivity of company. Training Need Identification: Training need identification is one of the foremost step in designing a training program. Training efforts must aim at meeting the requirements of the organization (long term) and individual employees (short term). This involves finding answers to questions such as: whether training is needed? If yes, where it is needed? Which training is needed? Etc. Once we identify training gaps within the organization, it becomes easy to design an appropriate training program. It is one of the foremost steps in a training program. 1 Training Methods: Training methods are usually classified by the location of instruction. We will write a custom essay sample on Training in Mahindra specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Training in Mahindra specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Training in Mahindra specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the job training is provided when the workers are taught relevant knowledge, skills and abilities at the actual workspace. Off-the-job training, on the other hand, requires that trainees learn at location other than the real work spot. Effectiveness of Training: It is necessary to measure how effective is the training program employees are given. One of the ways of doing this is through Kirkpatrick Model. In this method there are 4 levels at which training is evaluated a) Level 1- Reaction -Feedback about how trainees felt about the training b) Level 2- Learning- measuring whether trainees learnt what trainers intended to teach c) Level 3- Behavioral -measuring whether the trainees put their learning into effect when back on the job d) Level 4- Results- At this level, you analyse the final results of your training. This includes outcomes that you or your organization have determined to be good for business, good for the employees, or good for the bottom line. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the paper is to benchmark the Functional training process followed in Swaraj with that followed in other leading manufacturing companies. Some secondary objectives are: ? To study ways of Training Need Identification ? To study various methods of off-job and on-job training. ? To study Effectiveness of training ? To analyze the Training system for further development ? To suggest measures for the improvement of the Training program. 2 METHODOLOGY: 1. Research design The Research Design is Exploratory, as it is undertaken to primarily study the functional training process and discover insights into its better working.. 2. Sample Design Convenience sampling has been used 3. Data Collection The primary data has been collected with the help of a questionnaire. The secondary data has been collected from various sources like journals, books and websites. 4. Questionnaire Design There are a total of 9 questions that aim to cover all aspects of the functional training process. It includes multiple choice questions. 5. Data Analysis Bar Graphs and Pie Charts have been used to compare data. 3 CHAPTER -1 COMPANY PROFILE History : In the mid-sixties, with the Green Revolution triggering large-scale tractor usage, there was a need for the country to build sufficient indigenous capacity. o. meet. this. growing. demand. In 1965, the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur initiated design and development of Swaraj Tractor based on indigenous knows how. That is how the idea for development of what was to become Swaraj was initiated. The first prototype was ready in May 1967 and by April 1970, field experience of over 1,500 hours had been g ained. At that point, it was decided to christen a name for the product – signifying Indian, easy to pronounce and signifying power and grace. The name `Swaraj, was approved by the then Prime Minister,. Mrs. Indira. Gandhi. In 1970, the Government of Punjab acquired the Swaraj tractors design and established Punjab Tractors Limited (PTL). The tractors were produced and sold under the brand name of Swaraj. In 2007, Mahindra Mahindra Ltd. acquired majority stake in PTL, and in Feb 2009, it was merged into MM as the Swaraj Division of Mahindra Mahindra. Outline: Swaraj has been manufacturing tractors that serve the need of their buyers in agricultural as well as commercial operations. Their product range starting from a 22 HP category tractor to a 72 HP category tractor straddles every HP category requirement of their customers. The brand enjoys a strong equity in the market and commands a market share of close to 12%. The brand is known for producing tractors that are powerful and reliable. Presently, there are more than 7,00,000 satisfied customers of Swaraj in the 4 country. Swaraj tractors are also exported to various countries including Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania and the USA. Milestones 1970 1974 1983 1995 Establishment of PTL for making Swaraj Brand of Tractors Commercial production started with 2 models 724 FE 735 FE Swaraj 855 launched in 50 HP category Establishment of 2nd plant for manufacturing Swaraj Tractors in Chhaparchhedi Cumulative sales of Swaraj Tractors touches 5,00,000 MM ( leader in domestic tractor industry ) acquires majority stake in PTL Merger of PTL into MM and subsequent transformation as Swaraj Division of Mahindra Mahindra Ltd. Rated Highest In Industry for Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), Sales Satisfaction Index (SSI) Swaraj Division achieved Stage-5 in MQW Assessment Swaraj becomes the second tractor company in the world to win the prestigious DEMING Prize Rated Highest In Industry for Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) Swaraj Division Plant 1 and Plant 2 Won TPM Excellence Award From JIPM 2002 2007 2009 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 5 DETAILS Company Name Mahindra Mahindra Swaraj Tractors Ltd Head office Level of Office Phase IV, Industrial Area, S. A. S Nagar Mohali City Punjab State 91-172-2271620 -27 2270820 23 www. ahindraswaraj. com Website Automobile Industry Industry Best Company Type Private Sector Sector Number of Employees 2100 91-172- Address Phone Number Product Portfolio Less than 30 HP 724 XM 30-40 HP 834 XM 6 40-50 HP 841 XM More than 50 HP 855 FE 724 XM Orchard 825 XM 735 FE 735 XM 843 XM 734 FE , 744 XM 855 XM 724 XM Specifications:? ? ? ? ? ? 4 Stroke, Direct Injection, Diesel Engine 8 F orward, 2 Reverse speeds, 2 cylinder Standard Dual Clutch 1000 kgf hydraulic capacity 1824 cc engine Toggle switch Easy to operate during inter cultivation applications 834 XM Specifications:? ? ? ? ? ? 4 Stroke, Direct injection, Diesel engine 8 Forward, 2 Reverse speeds, 3 cylinders Standard Single Clutch 1000 Kgf Hydraulic lifting Capacity 2952 cc engine Adjustable P. U sliding seat for operator comfort 8 841 XM Specifications:? ? ? ? ? ? 4 Stroke, Direct Injection, Diesel Engine 8 Forward, 2 Reverse speed, 4 cylinders Standard Single Clutch 1200 Kgf Hydraulic lifting Capacity 2730 cc engine Compact design with new attractive decals 9 855 XM Specifications:? ? ? ? ? 4 Stroke, Direct injection, Diesel engine 8 Forward, 2 Reverse speeds, 3 cylinders Standard dual clutch 1700 kgf hydraulic capacity 3480 cc engine Isolator valve for auxiliary application 10 TRAINING DEVELOPMENT AT MAHINDRA SWARAJ The training Objectives at Mahindra Swaraj are as follows: ? The skills and knowledge of employees are aligned with the latest technology and development. ? To enable them to do the job in more effective way so as to reduce learning time. Types of Training: A wide variety of training programs are used in different organizations, depending on requirements and size of their manpower. These trainings include both behavioral and functional trainings. Functional Training Need Identification ? Functional Competency Manual has been prepared for Swaraj Division for all the departments. This is the responsibility of the training department. ? Department Head prioritizes 4 Functional Competencies for the respective department out of the basket of functional competencies defined for each job family of the department with reference to the Functional Competency Manual during Annual Appraisal process. Competency grid is prepared (number of years of service Vs. Hierarchal Bands) for prioritized functional competencies wherein minimum required level of each competency is mentioned. This is done in the respective departments and the department head is responsible for this. 11 ? Out of the prioritized 4 competencies, the supervisor identifies and rates the individual in the annual appraisal form on 2 competencies. This is also done in respective departments and the responsibilit y lies with the line manager. ? Training Needs are identified in the Appraisal Form considering the Prioritized Competencies by Assessor. This is also done in respective departments but the accountability lies with the PMS team. . Designing the training program Once the training needs are assessed, the H. R. Dept. and the trainers jointly design the training program. The contents are worked out keeping in mind the objective, the target group and the skills required. Other factors like – nature of work performed and existing competencies play a role in the development of the programs. There are a number of predefined and designed training programs that are organized frequently, for example, personality development programs, communication skills and other technical programs. Conducting training programs The trainers for the program are decided based on the contents of the program. The choice of the faculty depends on the topic to be covered, the grasping power of the trainees and the budget. Evaluation At Mahindra Swaraj Kirkpatrick Model of Training Evaluation is followed. 2 Table with the complete Functional Training Process Activity Functional  Training  Need  Identification  for  Management  Staff   Functional  Competency  Manual  has  been  prepared  for  Swaraj   Division  for  all  the  departments   Department  Head  prioritizes  4  Functional  Competencies  for  the respective  department  out  of  the  basket  of  functional   competencies  defined  for  each  job  family  o f  the  department  with   reference  to  the  Functional  Competency  Manual  during  Annual   Appraisal  process. Competency  grid  is  prepared  (number  of  years  of  service  Vs. Hierarchal  Bands)  for  prioritized  functional  competencies  wherein   minimum  required  level  of  each  competency  is  mentioned. Responsibility Accountabi lity Training Training   Executive Respective   Department PMS Respective   Department Departme nt  Head Out  of  the  prioritized  4  competencies,  the  supervisor  identifies  and   Respective   rates  the  individual  in  the  annual  appraisal  form  on  2   Department   competencies. Line   Managers Training  Needs  are  identified  in  the  Appraisal  Form  considering  the   Respective   PMS   Prioritized  Competencies  by  Assessor   Department  Ã‚   Team   Compiled  Competency  Ratings  Ã‚  Training  needs  for  the   management  staff  are  taken  from  PMS  team  after  the  Annual   Performance  Appraisal  completion. Functional  Competency  Indices  for  the  organization  are  calculated,   which  is  the  competency  level  percentage. It  is  derived  by  dividing   the  Average  Actual  competency  rating  value  by  highest   competency  scale  level  and  converting  it  to  percentage  value. The  Indices  so  derived  are  indicative  of  the  competency  level   within  the  organization  so  as  to  draw  the  improvement  plans   accordingly. Discussion  Ã‚  Ã‚  designing  of  Annual  Training  Plan   Inputs  for  Focus  area  for  Training  for  both  behavioral  and   functional  for  current  Financial  Year  received  from  the  Business   Plan  as  discussed  in  SLT   Inputs  from  behavioral  TNI,  functional  TNI  and  last  Financial  Year   Training  Plan  are  taken  and  assessed  to  set  Training  priorities  for   the  Training  Calendar  cycle  of  the  Financial  year. 13 PMS PMS   Team Training Training   Executive   Training   Executive     Ã‚   Training   Executive   Training   Executive Training HR  Head Training Classification  of  the  Training  Programs  as  Inhouse/  Sponsored   programs  Ã‚   Discussion  of  the  Tentative  Training  Plan  with  Swaraj  Leadership   Team  Ã‚  Division  Heads   Freezing  of  Annual  Training  Plan  Ã‚  Approval  of  Training  budget  in   discussion  with  SLT   Development  Ã‚  /  Identification  of  training  Modules   Identifying  and  Contacting  Consultants  /  External  Agency  for  the  In? house  Training  Program  Delivery. Discussion  of  the  In? house  Training  Module  Objectives  and  the   Deliverables  with  the  Consultants  /  External  Agency  for  the   Training  Programs   Finalization  of  the  In? house  Training  Modules  Ã‚  their  tentative   schedule   Identification  of  the  appropriate  Sponsored  Training  Programs  Ã‚   Designing  of  Quarterly  Training  Calendar   Training  Calendar  is  freezed  for  the  quarter  based  on  the  inputs   from  the  training  plan   Quarterly  Training  calendar  sent  to  Department/  Unit  heads Training   Training  Ã‚   HR  Head     Ã‚   Training Training   Executive   Training   Executive   Training   Executive     Ã‚   Training   Executive   Training   Executive   Training   Executive   Training   Executive     Ã‚   Training   Executive   Training   Executive   Training   Executive     Ã‚   Training   Executive     Departm ent  Head     Departm ent  Head     Ã‚     Ã‚   Training   Executive Training  Ã‚   Training  Ã‚   Training  Ã‚     Ã‚   Training  Ã‚   Training Identify  Ã‚  finalize  participants  based  on  TNI  /  invite  nominations  as   per  calendar   Training  Ã‚   Conducting  Training  Programs   Administrative  arrangements  in  terms  of  logistics  Ã‚  stay  for  faculty   and  training  venue,  training  material  etc. s  per  checklist   Conducting  training  programs  and  releasing  Management  Staff  for   In? house  Training  Programs. Relea sing  Management  Staff  for  external  programs  Ã‚  as  per   respective  program  dates     Ã‚   Training  Ã‚     Respective   Department     Respective   Department Training  Program  Evaluation  Ã‚  Effectiveness? Refer  to  Annexure  1     Ã‚   Training  Documentation   Competency  Ã‚  Training  card  spanning  3  years  is  maintained  for   Management  staff  annually. Training 14 CHAPTER – 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Hemalakshmi Raju has written a research paper on functional training. In this paper she discusses how the employees are less enthusiastic towards functional training as compared to behavioral training. She talks about the myths which employees have regarding functional training. The myths are that employees generally consider functional training useful only for junior level and for line functions only. Also the organisations think that the trainers have to be highly qualified but in this paper she busts these myths and explains how functional training can help every employee and every department. Reid Bates from Louisiana State University has written a paper ‘A critical Analysis of evaluation practice: the Kirkpatrick model and the principle of beneficence’. In this paper he analyses the Kirkpatrick model of evaluation. He said that Kirkpatrick model over-simplifies the training process and is incomplete. Second limitation cited is that every level is considered more important than the previous and making the level 4 most important. Thirdly, he says that in the Kirkpatrick model there is a causal linkage which means that positive reaction at a previous can only yield success at the next level. Vicente F. Estrada has written a paper ‘Training in Manufacturing Continues to Evolve’ in which he enumerates the 8 principles which a functional training program should have which are 1) Systematic 2) A total learning experience 3) Conducted as a line function 4) Inclusive 5) Supported by everyone 6)Followed through 7)Relevant 8) Measured ‘A framework for training worke rs in contemporary manufacturing environments’ a research paper published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing discusses the need of human resource management and training in the automated manufacturing industry today and gives the general framework of training employees in manufacturing industry. The paper lists the following considerations to be kept in mind: 1) Global Competition which includes user requirement needs, producing quality products, etc. 2) Identifying the best technology 3) Prototype development requirements like skill requirement, automation needs, capital req uirement, etc. Identifying Your Organisation’s Training Needs by Capital Wave Inc. discusses the need of assessment and measurement of current skill level, Succession Planning 15 eeds, future anticipated needs and career development in designing of training program. Strategic Training by McGraw- Hill Australia discusses the impact of work role and organizational functions on training. It talks about the impact of different business strategies like concentration, internal growth, external growth and disinvestment on training programs. 16 CHAPTER – 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The Research Problem Checking the validity of the functional training process and its optimization. The Research Objective ? Optimization of Functional Training Process at Mahindra Swaraj ? To study ways of Training Need Identification ? To study various methods of off-job and on-job training. To analyze the Training system for further development ? To suggest measures for the improvement of the Training program. Scope of the Study The training and development activities were studied at Mahindra Swaraj and training techniques of other leading companies were analyzed with the help of a questionnaire. Need for the Study 17 Every organization big or small, productive or non-productive, economic or social, old or newly established should provide training to all employees irrespective of their qualification, skill, suitability for the job etc. Specifically, the need for training arises due to the following reasons ? To match the Employee specifications with the Job Requirements. Organizational Viability and the Transformation process ? Technological Advances ? Organizational Complexity ? Human Relations ? Change in the Job Assignment The need for training also arises to: ? Increase productivity ? Improve quality of the product / service. ? Help a company to fulfill its future personnel needs. ? Improve organizational climate. ? Improve health and safety. ? Prevent obsolescence. ? Effect the personal growth. ? Minimize the resistance to change. An ideal training process will help the company increase productivity and will also be critical in development of employees. Limitations ? The study covered only 26 respondents 18 ? Time constraint is also one of the limitations. Inspite of taking care some wrong information may have crept in the research. Research Design The Research Design is Exploratory, as it is primarily undertaken to study the functional training process and gain insights into ways of improving it. Sample Design The sample size taken is 26 and the technique used is Convenience Sampling. Data Collection For any statistical enquiry the collection of data or information is done through principle sources identically i. e. , by primary sources and secondary sources of data. PrimaryData:? Primary data are those which are collected a fresh and for the first time. Primary data for the study is collected through questionnaire and indepth interviews. The interviews were used to establish the parameters to be added in the questionnaire and to establish any special training practices followed in the organisatios.. SecondaryData:? Most of the data used for the study is secondary in nature and has been collected from various journals and books. 19 Questionnaire Design There are a total of 9 questions that aims to cover all aspects of the functional training process It includes multiple choice questions Data Analysis Bar Graphs and Pie Charts have been used to compare data. 20 CHAPTER -4 ABOUT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT DEFINITIONS OF TRAINING:- ? The process of providing employees with specific skills or helping those correct deficiencies in their performance. Luis R. Gomez Mejia, David B Balkan. Training is a process whereby people acquire capabilities to aid in the achievement of organizational goals. Robert L Mathis, John H. Jackson. ? Training is a process to increase an employee’s ability to perform through learning, us ually by changing the employee attitude or increasing his or her skills and knowledge. K. Aswathappa. ? The process of teaching new employees, the basic skills they need to perform their jobs. Gary Dazzler. 21 ? Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job. Flippo. Development Development is mainly considered for the executives or the management. So the concept is elaborated and described as under executive or management development. Definitions:? Management development is a systematic process of growth and development by which the managers develop their abilities to manage. It is the result of not only participation in formal courses of instruction but also of actual job experience. V S P Rao. ? It is any attempt to improve current or future management performance by imparting knowledge, changing attitudes, or increasing skills. Gary Dazzler. Introduction to Training and Development Companies have found that investment in human capital in the form of training and development yields high returns. The ones that recognize the value of their 22 mployees and place a new emphasis on education and training are becoming more competitive, successful, and profitable as a result. According to a study by Knowledge Assessment Management, companies in the top 20 percent of those who spend money on training receive higher returns in the stock market. Some training and development programs teach new hires to perform a specific job, while others update the skills and knowledge of established employees. Some of the money is spent to provide technology-related training that teaches employee to operate, maintain, or repair equipment used in the workplace. Technology training is needed for workers in industries as diverse as construction, manufacturing, health, and transportation. Technical professionals include scientists, architects, engineers, and health professionals. Blue-collar technical workers include mechanics, repair people, and those in precision production jobs. Technology is constantly changing and therefore job responsibilities are constantly changing, requiring many workers to update their skills on a regular basis. After employees have been selected for various positions in an organization, training them for the specific tasks to which they have been assigned assumes greater importance. According to Flippo, training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job. The major outcome of training is learning. A trainee learns new habits, refined skills and useful knowledge during the training that helps him improve performance. Features of training ? ? Increases knowledge and skills for doing a job. Bridges the gap between job needs and employee skills, knowledge and behavior. 23 ? ? Job oriented process, vocational in nature. Short term activity designed essentially for operatives. HRM AND TRAINING Recognition of the importance of training in recent years has been heavily influenced by the intensification of overseas competition and the relative success of economies like Japan, Germany and Sweden where investment in employee development is considerably emphasized. Technological developments and organizational change have gradually led some employers to the realization that success relies on the skills and abilities of their employees, and this means considerable and continuous investment in training and development. This has also been underscored by the rise in human resource management with its emphasis on the importance of people and the skills they possess in enhancing organizational efficiency. Such HRM concepts as ‘commitment’ to the company and the growth in the ‘quality’ movement have led senior management terms to realize the increased importance of training, employee development and long term education. There has also been more recognition of the need to complement the qualities of employees with the needs of the organization. Such concepts require not only careful planning but a greater emphasis on employee development. HRD programs are continuous and shaped to fit the culture changes in the organization in relation to the needs of the individual. In this way training and HRD become tools for effecting change and the policy ramification can be wide ranging and strategic. As a result training takes on a variety of forms and covers a multitude of subjects. Training Objectives ? To upgrade the skills and prevent obsolescence. 24 ? To develop healthy and constructive attitude. ? To prepare employees for future assignments. ? To minimize operational errors. ? To enhance employee confidence and morale. ? To bring down costs of production. To bring down labor turn over and absenteeism. Training vs Development Training often has been referred to as teaching specific skills and behavior. The skills are almost always behavioral as distinct from conceptual or intellectual. Development, in contrast, is considered to be more general than training and more oriented towards individual needs in addition to organizational needs and it is most often aimed toward management people. Usually the intent of development is to provide knowledge and understanding that will enable people to carry out non technical organizational functions more effectively, such as problem solving, decision making and relating to people. Training Development Distinctions Table Learning Dimension Who Training Non-managers and managers What Technical-Mechanical Operations Why Specific job related information When Short Term Long Term Theoretical-Conceptual ideas General knowledge Development Managers 25 Areas of Training The areas of training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories: ? Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set rules and regulations about the job, the staff and the products or services offered by the company. The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes ins ide and outside the company. ? Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (e. g. operating a machine, handling computer etc. ) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully. Social Skills The employee is made to learn about him and other, develop a right mental attitude towards the job, colleagues and the company. The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead. ? Techniques This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the –job situations. In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees, training aims at molding employee attitudes: when administered properly Training can be broadly divided into 2 parts: BEHAVIORAL TRAINING: This training is given to employees to improve their soft-skills and inculcate managerial qualities in them. FUNCTIONAL TRAINING: It is job-related training. It focuses on the work to be done. It systematically uses selected, structured and documented workplace experience, combining theory with practice, and is guided by clearly defined objectives. Functional training is very important in manufacturing industry as it 26 helps employees in ensuring their safety while working on machines, upgrade them with latest manufacturing practices and improve the productivity of company. TRAINING PROCESS Training process can be divided into 3 parts: a) Assessment b) Implementation c)Evaluation A systematic approach to training Table 1. Assessment Determine training needs. Identify training objectives. Conduct training. 2. Implementation Select training methods. 3. Evaluation Compare training outcomes and criteria. TRAINING ASSESSMENT: Training assessment is a very comprehensiveexamination of what is currently being trained,what knowledge, skills, and abilities should be added to the education program, and what may needs to be added in the future. Areas of assessment and assessment methods can differ from subject to subject within the organization, and most certainly differ between organizations themselves. After assessment the process of Training need identification is carried out. Training Need Identification: It is a process to identify what educational courses or activities should be provided to employees to improve their work productivity. Here the focus should be placed on needs as opposed to desires of the employees for a constructive outcome. It can be done by the following ways: 27 a) Observation: In this you take your observations of the person doing the job and then break them down into the task areas. For each area, you can determine the individual tasks, such as then determine its frequency. From there, you can determine which tasks have more importance by their frequency as well as which tasks will require more detailed knowledge. Finally, you can determine if adequate training exists on each task and task area. b) Self-Nomination: An employee may feel that he lacks knowledge and skill in areas critical for his job and may request for training in that area. This method is very important where employees are motivated to perform better. c) Performance Appraisals: They can reveal areas of weakness and potential improvement in your workforce, helping to identify training needs. Continually updating training programs based on performance appraisal feedback can boost your workforces productivity and efficiency over time. They are one of the most popular ways of training need identification. d) Depends on Project Requirements: In this the training program is customized according to the need of the project. e) Opinion Survey: It is one of the most common needs assessment tool. Survey can be written or online. You can administer surveys to employees, managers, customers, and executives, and these surveys can give you an overall view of the needs (and types of needs) that currently exist. f) Critical Incidents: These are the needs which occur because of a catastrophic failure such as a factory explosion, a regulatory infraction, or even a natural disaster. 28 TRAINING METHODS The next part of the training program is to decide the training method. Training Methods: There are two kinds of main training methods. ? On-the-job training methods. ? Off-the-job training methods. Training Methods On-The-Job Methods ? ? Orientation Training Apprenticeship Training Job Rotation Training Internship Training Job Instruction Training(JIT). Coaching and Mentoring Job Rotation Off-The-Job Methods ? ? ? ? ? Vestibule Testing Case Study Lecture Role Play Programmed Instruction ? ? ? ? ? Selection of training methods Training methods are usually classified by the location of instruction. On the job training is provided when the workers are taught relevant knowledge, skills and abilities at the actual workplace. Off-the-job training, on the other hand, requires that trainees learn at location other than the real work spot. Some of the widely used training methods are listed below: 29 On. the. Job. Trainings. (OJT): When an employee learns the job in actual working site in real life situation, and not simulated environment, it is called OJT. Employee learns while working. This type of training is the most ommonly used method. Under this method, the individual is placed on a regular job and taught the skills necessary to perform that job. The trainee learns under the supervision and guidance of a qualified worker or instructor. On-the-job training has the advantage of giving first-hand knowl edge and experience under actual working conditions. While the trainee learns how to perform a job, he is also a regular worker rendering the services for which he is paid. The problem of transfer of trainee is also minimised as the person learns on-the-job. The emphasis is placed on rendering services in the most effective manner rather than learning how to perform the j

Leach and Leech - Commonly Confused Words

Leach and Leech - Commonly Confused Words The words leach and leech are homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The verb leach means to empty, drain, or remove. The noun leech refers to a bloodsucking worm or to a person who preys on or clings to another. As a verb, leech means to bleed with leeches or to act as a parasite. Examples Batteries are difficult to dispose of and contain harmful heavy-metal compounds that may leach into the soil.The river water was more corrosive than the Detroit systems and caused more lead to  leach  from its aging pipes. Lead can be toxic, and children are especially vulnerable.(Reuters, Michigan Attorney General Sues Frances Veolia in Flint Water Crisis. The New York Times, June 22, 2016)Similar to bloodletting, leeches were used to draw out the bad blood that medieval physicians believed caused many of their patients ailments.The sun rose in a cloudless sky, the same as before. We passed a large island without grass or tree or bush.  The sun  was a leech  that sucked the moisture from our flesh.(Scott ODell, The Kings Fifth. Houghton Mifflin, 1966)She  called him a leech, said hes always sponging off the rest of us.(Swati Kaushal, A Girl Like Me. Penguin, 2008) Idiom Alerts The expression leach away (something) or leach (something) away means to gradually erode or wash away.- Normally the excess salt would be  leached away  as rainwater percolates down through the soil. In dry climates, however, where there isnt enough rain or irrigation to drive the water down that far, salts can accumulate in the root zone.(Ann Larkin Hansen,  The Organic Farming Manual. Storey, 2010)- Nathan? Are you awake? The sweetness quickly  leached away  at the touch of Roiphes nasal voice, leaving a sourness tinged with anxiety, which, Nathan understood, was his default reaction to Roiphe.(David Cronenberg, Consumed. Scribner, 2014) Practice: Leaches or Leeches? (a) Its not pollution that makes the water so black; tannic acid naturally _____ into the river from cypress and pine trees growing along the shoreline. (Bruce Hunt)(b) In modern medicine, _____ are used in reconstructive surgery to provide a vacuum effect that helps stimulate blood circulation. Answers to Practice Exercises (a) Its not pollution that makes the water so black; tannic acid naturally leaches into the river from cypress and pine trees growing along the shoreline.(Bruce Hunt)(b) In modern medicine, leeches are used in reconstructive surgery to provide a vacuum effect that helps stimulate blood circulation.

SAT Summer Prep Programs Should You Join

SAT Summer Prep Programs Should You Join SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What are SAT Prep Summer Programs and should you use them? There are a lot of variations in SAT summer programs and the hours of study they offer.Other than time, the greatest variation in SAT summer programs is through price. There are commercial and noncommerical options and they vary by price and hours offered, as well as the material used. No matter the course, a good program will offer at least once a week test. Advantages and disadvantages to a summer only program On the one hand you might find it easier to focus on only one thing during the summer, so a summer prep program might seem ideal. However, you might already be drained from a long and difficult school year and just want a break.A summer camp environment and attitude can alsobe distracting, and you might not learn as much as you would have withalternative methods. If you are set on a summer camp though, you should check out our article on SAT summer camps. Moreover, since its summer, you may feel youhave time for intensive study and put in many hours. But, you might find that you end up putting in too many hours and burn yourselfout by the time the test comes around.In the end, many find that an hour or two every day over a longer period of time is much more manageable than the 6-8 hours per day that might be required from an official SAT boot camp BUT! You don't need to do an SAT summer boot camp for intensive study While an SAT summer camp or boot camp is good for forcing you to invest a lot of time into SAT prep, you don't need a boot camp for intensive study. And when you put in a lot of hours, then your scores will improve, regardless of where you do it. But keep in mind that just because you can, doens't mean you should!While you may be able to concentrate more hours in the summer, some students may find this overwhelming. For them, it may be better to spread out any studying over a longer period of time. What are the alternatives? Online SAT prep: allows you to set the schedule, costs significantly less and lets you move at a pace comfortable for you, while also allowing for specialized instruction Either online or local, individual SAT prep with a tutor: this would give you personal attention but also be much more affordable than an SAT summer camp. Tutors will test you on your weaknesses and guide your study, but they are mainly a supplement to more extensive study on your own time. Studying on your own: with proper strategies, even studying on your own can be as effective, and far more cost friendly. You can find plenty of online resources that can guide your self study. If you are thinking of self study, plan to set aside at least one week to preparing a course of study for your summer. And then, follow it. Use the free resources at PrepScholar to help you plan out your SAT summer self study.Check out our links on the side or at the bottom of this article to get you started. Or start a free trial at our program, designed to tailor sat prep to your needs, right in your own home. What are the disadvantages of self study? Self study can be inexpensive and flexible, and it can fit to any schedule. However, it can be difficult to maintain discipline on your own and not everyone can do it. First, you will need to analyze your own performance objectively and not everyone can do that easily. Second, you will need to maintain a strict schedule with no outside supervision. Lastly, you will need to research and select the study material on your own, which may take time that you don't have. How to tailor an online program to the summer? If you plan to study during the summer, then the smartest things you can do is to maximize the hours you devote to study so that you won't have to worry about this during the school year. Since you can now devote hours at a time, you should use that time to do plenty of practice tests! The more practice tests you do, the greater the improvement in scores you will see.If its feasible, you can study just four hours every weekday and still study upto 20 hours a week, which is as good as many summer programs.Then,if you find that you have four spare hours - optimize that time. Do a timed practice test! It will make you more familiar with the test and allow your brain to further familiarize itself with the question types. What’s Next? Check out our other article on SAT Summer ideas- Should you really join a SAT Summer Camp?or our 5 Step SAT/ACT Test Dates and Study Plan for Summer before Senior Year. For those interested, check out our article on Summer Institutes for the Gifted. If you scored a 2200 or above on your recent SATs, then consider whether you need to retake it! Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Many of Enrons independent directors were affiliated with Essay

Many of Enrons independent directors were affiliated with organizations that benefited directly from Enrons operations. How would you address this clear conflict of interest - Essay Example The directors’ affiliation with organizations that stood to benefit from the operations undertaken by Enron gave them an opportunity to reap benefits from two sides. To address the underlying conflict of interest, the need to mainstream management is vital. Before directors are installed, there it would be essential to evaluate their relations with other organizations. The establishment of direct links between potential directors and other organizations should disqualify their installation. Investors should also undertake independent evaluations and assessments that relate to their preferred companies. In so doing, they can choose to uphold or ignore the recommendations made by auditors, business analysts, business consultants, or stockbrokers (Dharan & Bufkins, 2004). Directors, auditors, business analysts, business consultants, and stockbrokers work to the best interest of both the shareholders and the organizations that award them service contracts. In the process, the realization of conflict of interest is relatively high. While employees, lenders, and investors could independently and personally influence the extent to which organizational conflict of interest is realized, securities and exchange regulators, in a bid to address the organizational conflict of interest, could oversee the activities undertaken by directors, auditors, business analysts, business consultants, and stockbrokers (Healy & Krishna,

Applying Risk Management Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Applying Risk Management Consulting - Essay Example In general, risks may vary from operational, strategic, financial, networking to marketing and such. Thus risks are inevitable though undesired. The correct definition of â€Å"risk† as such, depends upon the situation pertinent to it. Identifying and understanding risks is the most crucial part in any risk management principle. Once the risk factors are identified, a thorough analysis is undertaken after which appropriate measures are taken to eliminate, control or reduce them. In the given case of Riordan Manufacturing Inc., a virtual organization, the following study discusses the network system of the different branches of the organization at varied geographic locations. The current network topology reveals vulnerabilities in diverse points and is prone to risks that can be eliminated or minimised adopting certain effective security measures. For a large organization like Riordan Manufacturing, security is an overriding concern. In the current scenario, of networking threats and hacking techniques being reinvented and developing every minute, it is crucial for the network administrator of any network, be it small or big , to implement stringent security measures to prevent any damages. Damages may either be in the form of leakage, destruction, manipulation or misuse of data, intrusion into the home network hindering smooth flow of operations thereby eliciting huge financial losses. Considered to be the building block of network protection,risk itself, should be the backbone of the designed safety strategies and the resulting security architecture. â€Å"Risk management† (Commercial Insights Risk Management Insights, 2012). principles are generally evolved considering factors both of internal and external natures. Internal factors may be assets, vulnerabilities or policies while external factors may be threats, legal or business forces.So, in conducting risk analysis, the foremost issue that comes up is, in identifying the threats the system are

History of Liberalism in Western Europe

History of Liberalism in Western Europe Liberalism originated in Western Europe during the struggle against absolutism and spiritual domination of the Catholic Church (16-18 cc.). The ideology of liberalism was founded by representatives of the moderate wing of the European Enlightenment. Economists Physiocrats formulated popular slogan  «laissez faire, laissez passer » (in French: do not disturb function), expressing the idea of laissez-faire and which in the 19th century was one of the basic principles of classical liberalism. Social environment that fed the ideology of liberalism in the 18-19 centuries was mainly the bourgeoisie. More radical wing of liberalism associated with democracy, has played an important role in the American and French revolutions. However, in the late 18th century. there has been a conflict between liberalism and radical democracy (Rousseau, and later the Jacobins). During the Restoration in France B. Constant, F. Guizot and other first character of liberalism gave more or less formalized p olitical doctrine based on certain historical and philosophical background. For the political doctrine of European liberalism of the first half of the 19th century. typical preference ideas of individual freedom was the idea of democracy and constitutional monarchy the republic. Later, with the expansion of suffrage, the differences between liberalism and democracy smoothed. In the late 19th century. Early 20th century. in relation to socio-economic changes, the growth of the labor movement, and so on. n., liberalism survived the crisis and was forced to give up some of the basic principles of their doctrine, including the principle of laissez faire. Liberalism in each country had the characteristic features due to its historical identity. In France during the Restoration liberalism took the form of a certain doctrine, versus how feudal reaction and democracy .The fall of Napoleon and his regime, the return to the throne of the Bourbons did not stop one of the class struggle that unfolded in France since 1789 for the approval of the countrys new, capitalist relations. Aristocracy continued to defend feudal beginning, though she was forced to go on the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, the recognition of the major economic, political and legal gains of the revolution. Industrial and commercial bourgeoisie struggled against the restoration of the old order, class privileges, protected individual freedom and equality of all before the law. Anti-feudal ideology of the French bourgeoisie in the first half of the XIX century was expressed by many political thinkers, among which were B. Constant and A. de Tocqueville. Most of the work on policy, the authorities of the State of Benjamin Constant (1767-1830), which researchers believe was even the spiritual father of liberalism in Europe, was written in the period between 1810-1820 years. (The course of constitutional politics). The ancient Greeks and Romans had the possibility of every citizen to participate directly in the affairs of state. However, the freedom that was common in antiquity, was combined with an almost complete subordination of the individual public authorities and left very little space for the manifestation of individual autonomy. Constant was sure: people being free, are able to independently and intelligently implement themselves in life. They are able through their individual efforts and without the influence of any transpersonal forces to secure a decent life. Guided by these ideas, Constant seriously corrects Rousseau thesis on the necessity of the omnipotence of popular sovereignty. Its borders must end where begins the independence of the individual and private life. The presence of such a framework makes the deterrence power and control over it in the cornerstone of the political and institutional structure of society. Constant’s political ideal were never passive and low-power state. The modern state is to be in shape, as thought Constant, a constitutional monarchy. In the face of the constitutional monarch of the political community becomes neutral power. She beyond the three classic of government (legislative, executive, judicial), independently of them, and therefore is able (and obliged) to ensure their unity, cooperation, normal activity. The King is quite interested in the fact that no power is intended to subvert the other, but rather that they mutually support each other and act in unison and harmony. Tocquevilles political concept has developed in a fair degree under the influence of Constant, the views of another prominent liberal French Pierre Royer-Collard. Important role in its formation has played a prominent historian Francois Guizot. The subject of his greatest interest amounted to theoretical and practical aspects of democracy, in which he saw the most significant phenomenon era. Democracy is interpreted broadly. It represents for him a social system, which is opposite to the feudal and knows no boundaries (birth or prescribed by the customs) between the upper and lower classes of society. The core of democracy the principle of equality, inevitably triumph in history. Tocqueville believed that the triumph of equality is not an absolute guarantee of freedom of accession. In other words, universal equality, taken by itself, does not automatically lead to the establishment of a political system that firmly protects the autonomy of the individual, excludes arbitrariness and neglects the right of the authorities. Freedom and equality, according to Tocqueville, are the phenomenon of different order. The relationship between them is ambiguous. And the peoples attitude to them, is different too. At all times, says Tocqueville, people prefer equality freedom. Neither equality nor freedom, taken separately, are self-sufficient conditions for a truly human existence. Just being together, in unity, they find such quality. Tocqueville Democracy outstanding theoretician and simultaneously consistent liberal deeply comprehended the truth that liberalism has to go towards democracy. This in the era of mass yield on the socio-political scene, in the era of the cult of equality saved supreme liberal values freedom. Ideas and idealism are still relevant in France. Ideologue of modern liberalism was sociologist Raymond Aron. And also operates a number of parties with a liberal platform. For example, the New Centre party (fr. Nouveau Centre), or the European Social Liberal Party (fr. Le Parti social libà ©ral europà ©en, PSLE) French centrist political party, sticking social liberal position. The new center was created by former members of the Union for French Democracy in 2007, not included in the organized Francois Bayrou Democratic Movement. Leader Hervà © Morin, Minister of Defense and former leader of the Union for French Democracy in the National Assembly. In Germany, liberalism was closely associated with the desire for national unity. Liberal Movement on German soil began in the early decades of the XIX century. On the eve of the revolution of 1848-1849. in Germany it reached a considerable height. Both in terms of scope and organization, as well as in terms of ideological and theoretical maturity. Early German liberalism one that originated and approved in the pre-revolutionary period was primarily a constitutional movement. In the framework of developing and offering a variety of desirable model for the German states of political and legal order. They sought social support in the bourgeois middle layers. But to a large extent they are expected to use common sense and monarchs, who will be able to heed the dictates of time and become spokesmen for particular interests, as guardians of the common good. German liberalism of the first half of XIX century was represented by Frederick Dahlman, Robert von Mohl, Carl and Carl Welcker Rottek, Julius Frobel and others. Their views and activities appreciably affect the political and intellectual climate of the time in Germany gained fame as the Pan-European in the first place riddled with liberal ideas work Lorenz Stein. Lorenz Stein (1815-1890) belongs to a series of fundamental studies on the society, the state, law, management. Liberalism Stein clearly expressed in the fact that at the heart of its socio-political doctrine, he raised the question of the individual, his rights, his property. The main motive that drives the individual, is seen by Stein in the quest for self-realization, the essence of which extraction, processing, manufacturing, and increase the benefits. Every good produced by a person, belongs to her, identified with her and because becoming as untouchable as herself. This immunity is entitled to benefits. United through to the right person at the same inviolable whole benefit of a property. A man cannot be engaged in productive activities alone, being isolated from other people. It entirely depends on them and therefore is forced to live with their own kind, to interact, cooperate with them. Thus arises the problem of Stein human community, society. He paints a society where human being is a fundamental contradiction: on the one hand, an irresistible desire for complete domination over the external world (over the material and spiritual wealth), on the other a very modest capabilities of a particular individual as a separate limited in their potencies being. The starting point is a unit of any society, in Stein, the division of property. Owners of the latter, owners and people working, always linked in a special way with each other. The law of social life is inherently permanent and immutable order, depending who does not own, from those who own. The existence of these two classes cannot be resolved and overcomed. Steins views on society and the state, and their ratio under the obvious influence of the respective ideas of Hegel. The concept of society Stein appears as a separate and in their own personalized social education. From the simple amorphous set of individuals it distinguishes the existence of such an integrating factor as a constant-round dependence of people from each other. Feature of society is also something that everyone in it is guided only by its own will. In view of these circumstances in the society, according to Stein, there is no ground for freedom Hence his categorical conclusion: the principle on which society rests – un free. The highest form of society is the state, which at the same time has a different organization and different goals than the society. It establishes the organic unity of a variety of individual wills and actions of people forming the society. Society and the state (because they are based on diametrically opposed principles) confront each other and are constantly at each other influence. And the company is committed to construct the state in his own image and likeness, and the state and to create their own social system pleases Him. This, which are under control of spontaneous, unbridled elements of society and between social classes to maintain a balance. Towering over the society, the state must remain master of his and mentor. His main role is to be able to fulfill, the conviction of Stein, when the executive power in the state will be true and reliable to serve the legislative authority. This subordination a guarantee of transformation simply state to state legal and bail them preserve this quality. Stein a supporter of law, in which the right of management is based on the constitution and there are legal distinction between laws and regulations. Optimal form of legal state Stein sees a constitutional monarchy. In a constitutional monarchy, in which the executive and to faithfully serve the legislative authority, the central figure of the monarch ought to be, since he could not prevent the prevalence of particular interests in society. Only the monarch to provide dominance in society common to all people of interest. Together with its officials monarch should stand alone against the will and the natural tendencies of the ruling classes of the lower elevation, first socially and politically subordinate class. Stein expects constant progress in raising the status of education and lower strata of the population, to achieve a higher level of productivity of their labor, a higher level of consumption, the higher life opportunities. Stein’s ideas regarding the state of the social reforms in favor of the workers to improve their material and cultural conditions, caused a backlash from supporters of the revolutionary way of satisfying the interests of the proletarian masses. Liberal ideas have not lost their electorate in Germany. Free Democratic Party (FDP) is one of them. This is a liberal party in Germany, founded December 11, 1948 Member of the FDP was the first German President Theodor Heuss. In 1859 he founded the German National Association, in 1861 she collapsed on the German Progressive Party and the National Liberal Party. In 1880, of the National Liberal Party split off its left wing formed the Liberal Union, in 1894, GLP and the Liberal Union merged forming the German Freethinkers party, but in 1893 it broke on Freethinkers Peoples Party, and free union, but in 1911 they teamed up with German Peoples Party, founded in 1868, in the Progressive Peoples Party, and in 1918 after the merger with some leftist member of the National Liberal Party, it was renamed in the German Democratic party, in 1930 it merged with Mladogermanskim Order in the German state party, part GFC members formed the Radical-democratic Party. In 1918, the National Liberal Party after the merger with the leftist members of the Free Conservative Party was renamed the German Peoples Party. One of the biggest parties of Germany, the third largest (after the SPD and CDU / CSU) party of the country adopted a liberal policy: reducing taxes, reducing state influence on economic policy, the promotion of large and small businesses. Economic FDP motto So much of the state, as necessary, but as little as possible. The main support is among the entrepreneurs and managers of large companies. After appearing in the political arena Green Party FDP role as kingmaker significantly decreased. New elections in 1998 won a coalition of the SPD / Green led by Gerhard Schroder, remained in power until 2005, when Gerhard Schroder announced early parliamentary elections. In the elections of 2005, the FDP has shown excellent results in 11 per cent in fact, the FDP was the only one of the four leading parties, which showed growth in the number of votes. However, this victory was a Pyrrhic one: because of the fact that the allies of the FDP, the CDU / CSU led by Angela Merkel scored significantly fewer votes than expected, the coalition of the CDU / CSU / FDP not typed in the amount of 50% plus one vote needed to forming a government. After lengthy negotiations with the SPD CDU / CSU coalition with the FDP terminated and formed a government of so-called grand coalition, the CDU / CSU / SPD. In federal elections in 2009 the FDP received 14.6% of votes and 93 parliamentary seats 0 single-seat constituencies and 93 on the party list. The party enjoys less support in the territory of the former GDR. The main difference between the new doctrine began to redefine the role of the individual and the state in society. Social Liberals believed that the freedom of individuals should not carry unlimited nature, individuals must coordinate their actions with other members of society and their actions should not cause them harm. Expand the functions of the state in society, which was to take care of its citizens, provide them with equal rights to education, health care. Both liberal and humanistic doctrines were reformist; Liberals rejected the revolutionary way of transforming society; were supporters of gradual progressive reforms. A number of liberal ideas was borrowed by conservatives and socialists. In contrast to the liberal parties who are experiencing some difficulties in modern history, the liberal doctrine is an important component of modern political culture.